121
121
Oct 8, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN2
tv
eye 121
favorite 0
quote 0
equity investors and not having had any impact and all the employees could enjoy a more stable working environment. we could do that to the government, if you will. i think there's a certain amount of risk you are willing to take and you take off the workers and push it on to the equity investors, they will simply dial down the risk-taking to compensate -- you will have a general contraction or slowing of the growth rate of the economy. it's kind of a zero-sum game in that sense. >> host: although i do think most people's perspective in this country is that the risk currently faced by middle-class people who might have their labor redeployed is much greater than the risk actually being felt, faced by high earned income and vested. it's hard to disagree with it. >> guest: i think of making a moral point as opposed to an economic point. unfortunately, i don't think that risk drives up the growth rate of the economy and create jobs. >> host: actually in a way to because to some extent that risk is labor redeployment and you think that risk is sort of beholden on people that might lose their jobs can
equity investors and not having had any impact and all the employees could enjoy a more stable working environment. we could do that to the government, if you will. i think there's a certain amount of risk you are willing to take and you take off the workers and push it on to the equity investors, they will simply dial down the risk-taking to compensate -- you will have a general contraction or slowing of the growth rate of the economy. it's kind of a zero-sum game in that sense. >> host:...
83
83
tv
eye 83
favorite 0
quote 0
is that enough for this environment where we expect so little to help the president is that enough? >> that is correct. sandra is right, next 30 to 45 days are critical. you have average 401(k) balance about 107,000, and s&p 500 un14% plus year-to-date. if you see those gains evaporate, if they go away because of poor macro headlines and higher oil prices that would be the game changer for voters. they don't want to see their brokerage statement and see these numbers start melting away if that is the case that probably both start to change using their wallets, election day. neil: when you look at the data and the market, if the market is 04 licking mechanism in the market, it can be all over the map. it has been the president's trend, an october surprise or cause pause? in other words, there would just but barring that. president dodges a financial bullet. >> one could argue that the stock market is -- has been artificially propped up by the fed's money printing measures. when the market looks today they look at earnings, we're about to get latest report on quarterly earnings, ubs p
is that enough for this environment where we expect so little to help the president is that enough? >> that is correct. sandra is right, next 30 to 45 days are critical. you have average 401(k) balance about 107,000, and s&p 500 un14% plus year-to-date. if you see those gains evaporate, if they go away because of poor macro headlines and higher oil prices that would be the game changer for voters. they don't want to see their brokerage statement and see these numbers start melting...
213
213
Oct 1, 2012
10/12
by
KCSM
tv
eye 213
favorite 0
quote 0
them, with a corporate take on every important issue in american life, from health and safety to the environment to taxation. in alec task forces, elected state officials and corporate representatives close the doors to press and public and together approve the bills that will be sent out to america, but americans have no idea they come from alec unless someone like a mark pocan exposes it. >> when i went down to new orleans, to the alec convention last august, i remember going to a workshop and hearing a little bit about a bill they did in florida and some other states and there was a proposal to provide special needs scholarships and lo and behold, and i come back to wisconsin and what gets introduced? get ready i know you're going to have a shocked look on your face, a bill to do just that. >> 26 alec members in the wisconsin legislature sponsored that special needs bill, but the real sponsor was alec. pocan knew because the bill bore a striking resemblance to alec's model. have a look. but pocan isn't only concerned that alec sneaks bills into the state legislature. the intent behind the bil
them, with a corporate take on every important issue in american life, from health and safety to the environment to taxation. in alec task forces, elected state officials and corporate representatives close the doors to press and public and together approve the bills that will be sent out to america, but americans have no idea they come from alec unless someone like a mark pocan exposes it. >> when i went down to new orleans, to the alec convention last august, i remember going to a...
67
67
Oct 1, 2012
10/12
by
MSNBC
tv
eye 67
favorite 0
quote 0
technologies allow natural gas producers to supply affordable, cleaner energy, while protecting our environment. across america, these technologies protect air - by monitoring air quality and reducing emissions... ...protect water - through conservation and self-contained recycling systems... ... and protect land - by reducing our footprint and respecting wildlife. america's natural gas... domestic, abundant, clean energy to power our lives... that's smarter power today. >>> ahead of wednesday night's debate the obama campaign is again targeting the mitt romney's record at bain capital. the campaign is deploying a group of ex-employees of companies shut down by bain. those workers are going to be campaigning for the president starting tomorrow. look here. doing so in the crucial battle ground states of ohio, wisconsin, and florida. those workers also starting in a dr star rather in a new campaign web video. take a look. >> one day we had a job, next day we didn't. >> i understand if you got to cut back bb lay off. that's part of the business. we accepted that over the years while we were there.
technologies allow natural gas producers to supply affordable, cleaner energy, while protecting our environment. across america, these technologies protect air - by monitoring air quality and reducing emissions... ...protect water - through conservation and self-contained recycling systems... ... and protect land - by reducing our footprint and respecting wildlife. america's natural gas... domestic, abundant, clean energy to power our lives... that's smarter power today. >>> ahead of...
244
244
Oct 8, 2012
10/12
by
CNBC
tv
eye 244
favorite 0
quote 0
it will look less aattractive from an investment environment. >> how many dow points will fall if obama is re-elected in your opinion? >> i would say 10% at least. >> just because obama wins? >> absolutely. >> and his policies? >> i'm just baiting you and see how you come out this. >> the policies are for real. the fact that he wins the stock market. >> a no growth economy is not going to support a price earnings ratio. >> obama believed in capitalism and believes in a different type of capitalism than other people. the other point is that -- the same argument was made in '08 and the stock market went up 100%. >> after getting crunched on the way down. thank you very much. we tried. coming up, unchecked, unlimited union power. oh, my goodness. in 30 days michigan is going to vote on a union-backed ballot member to make unionizing a constitutionally protected right. the michigan governor joins me next. he has something to say about that. later on, mitt romney blasts obama's foreign policy calling for the u.s. to play a tougher role, especially in the middle ea east, and slamming obama sa
it will look less aattractive from an investment environment. >> how many dow points will fall if obama is re-elected in your opinion? >> i would say 10% at least. >> just because obama wins? >> absolutely. >> and his policies? >> i'm just baiting you and see how you come out this. >> the policies are for real. the fact that he wins the stock market. >> a no growth economy is not going to support a price earnings ratio. >> obama believed in...
299
299
Oct 4, 2012
10/12
by
WETA
tv
eye 299
favorite 0
quote 0
i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. let me make one more point. >> lehrer: that's not an answer-- mr. president? >> we've had this discussion befororor >> lehrer: about the idea that in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. now, governor romney has ruled out revenue. he's ruled out revenue. >> absolutely. >> lehrer: completely. >> look the revenue i get is by more people working, getting higher pay, paying more taxes. that's how we get growth and how we balance the budget. but the idea of taxing people more, putting more people out of work, you'll never get there. you never balance the budget by raising taxes. spain, spain spends 42% of their total economy on government. >> lehrer: okay. >> we're now spending 42% of our economy on government. i don't want to go down the path to spain. i want to go down the path of growth that puts americans to work with more money coming in because they're working. >> lehrer: but, but, mr. president, you
i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. let me make one more point. >> lehrer: that's not an answer-- mr. president? >> we've had this discussion befororor >> lehrer: about the idea that in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. now, governor romney has ruled out revenue. he's ruled out revenue. >> absolutely. >> lehrer: completely. >> look the revenue i get is by...
161
161
Oct 4, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN2
tv
eye 161
favorite 0
quote 0
i want to kill jobs in this environment. i'll make one more point. >> moderator: let's go to the taxes thing for a moment. mr. president. obama, well, we've had this discussion before. >> moderator: in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. obama: governor romney has ruled out revenue. romney: look, the revenue i get is by more people working, getting higher pay, pay more taxes. that's how we get growth and balance the budget. the idea of taxing people more, putting more people out of work, he'll never get there. he never balance the budget by raising taxes. spain spends 42% of their total economy and government. we are now spending 42% of our economy and government. i don't want to go down the path of spain. i want to go down the path of growth that puts americans to work with more money coming and because they are working. >> moderator: mr. president, you say in order to get the job done it's got to be balanced. obama: if we are serious camargo to take a balanced responsible approach. thi
i want to kill jobs in this environment. i'll make one more point. >> moderator: let's go to the taxes thing for a moment. mr. president. obama, well, we've had this discussion before. >> moderator: in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. obama: governor romney has ruled out revenue. romney: look, the revenue i get is by more people working, getting higher pay, pay more taxes. that's how we get growth and balance the budget. the idea of taxing...
175
175
Oct 4, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN
tv
eye 175
favorite 0
quote 0
i do not want to kill jobs in this environment. >> let him answer the taxes thing for a moment. >> we had this discussion before. but in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> gov. romney has ruled out revenue. >> absolutely. the revenue i get is by more people working and getting higher pay and pay more taxes. that is how we balance the budget. the idea of putting more people out of work, you will never get there. you never balance the budget by raising taxes. spain spends 42% of their total economy on government. now spending 42% of our economy of government. i want to go down the plan of growth that puts a americans to work with more money coming in because they are working. >> in order to get the job done, it has to be balanced. >> we have to take a balanced, responsible approach. this is not just when it comes to individual taxes. let's talk about corporate taxes. i have identified areas where we can make a change that i believe would help the economy. the oil industry gets $4 billion a year in corporate welfare. they did deductions that smal
i do not want to kill jobs in this environment. >> let him answer the taxes thing for a moment. >> we had this discussion before. but in order to reduce the deficit, there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> gov. romney has ruled out revenue. >> absolutely. the revenue i get is by more people working and getting higher pay and pay more taxes. that is how we balance the budget. the idea of putting more people out of work, you will never get there. you never balance...
152
152
Oct 3, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN
tv
eye 152
favorite 0
quote 0
if you have two the candidates in a fairly controlled environment even with a skilled moderator letting them to go at each other worse during the debate, that is one thing. if it is just a complete free for all, i think the campaigns would never risk it. >> in the first debate, i that nixon wasworward one of the smartest politicians ever to be vice president, and of course later the president. and he was the most gracious. and that did not come across in the debates. now, why was that? no one seems to have asked that question. was he overhauled by kennedy's wealth? his tan? that is what i would have wanted to know. when nixon did not bring those out any first debate as he did in the next three. i do not think it is an easy question. >> on the fact checking, one thing that i think is helpful is to go to multiple of the fact checking organization, there's the washington post. but go to several and get a consensus about what people have to say about the candidate's statements. >> we will go to a question from the studio. >> i have a question for charlton mcilwain. i have been intrigued by
if you have two the candidates in a fairly controlled environment even with a skilled moderator letting them to go at each other worse during the debate, that is one thing. if it is just a complete free for all, i think the campaigns would never risk it. >> in the first debate, i that nixon wasworward one of the smartest politicians ever to be vice president, and of course later the president. and he was the most gracious. and that did not come across in the debates. now, why was that? no...
130
130
Oct 9, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN2
tv
eye 130
favorite 0
quote 0
provinces in germany are given exclusive authority over language, over religion, over education, over environment, you know, fill in the blank. now, again, this is something that we could debate about at great length, but i assume that if you like federalism defined as some degree of subnational autonomy where people can make decisions rell thetively free -- relatively free of national override, then our constitution does a dreadful job in protecting local autonomy. you might, on the other hand, believe in some areas we have too much local autonomy as a political matter and would want to address that in a constitution. you mentioned cities that are very interesting. texas is six times as large as the entire united states population in 1790. we in austin especially are familiar with the tyranny of a centralized government in austin itself called the state government that often seems determined to deprive the city of austin of autonomy over matters that we hold near and dear. so i think that to the extent that federalism does stand for a principle of decision making at subnational levels and allowi
provinces in germany are given exclusive authority over language, over religion, over education, over environment, you know, fill in the blank. now, again, this is something that we could debate about at great length, but i assume that if you like federalism defined as some degree of subnational autonomy where people can make decisions rell thetively free -- relatively free of national override, then our constitution does a dreadful job in protecting local autonomy. you might, on the other...
169
169
Oct 4, 2012
10/12
by
WBFF
tv
eye 169
favorite 0
quote 0
. >> this is segment 3 on the economy, environment. the first answer goes to you, mr. president. there is the major difference in your view on social security? >> we have a somewhat similar position. social security is structurally sound.+ pt will have to be tweaked the way was by ronald reagan and tip o'neill, but it is structurally sound. i want to talk about the values behind social security and medicare. my grandmother helped raise me. my grandfather died awhile back. my grandmother died three days before i was elected president. she only had a high school education, started as a secretary and ended up being the vice president of a local bank. she ended up living alone, by choice. theeason she could be independent was because of sscial security and medicare. she had worked all her life, put in the money, and understood there was a basic area of helping the poor.%+ that is what i think of when i think of entitlement. the name itself imply some sense of dependency on theepart of the spokess there are millions of people out there who are counting on this. my approach is to say h
. >> this is segment 3 on the economy, environment. the first answer goes to you, mr. president. there is the major difference in your view on social security? >> we have a somewhat similar position. social security is structurally sound.+ pt will have to be tweaked the way was by ronald reagan and tip o'neill, but it is structurally sound. i want to talk about the values behind social security and medicare. my grandmother helped raise me. my grandfather died awhile back. my...
108
108
Oct 7, 2012
10/12
by
FOXNEWS
tv
eye 108
favorite 0
quote 1
the numbers and said unemployment is 7.8 even though this has been over 8, can you make money in this environment? >> yeah, my gosh the stock market is doing fantastically unbelievably well. there has been astounding jim uptick in real estate inding certain parts of the country. amazing real estate rally in some parts of the nation's capital and in south, florida. the real estate market i think is recovering unless something comes along to knock it down. there throw the football is a recovery in real estate coming and it could be a doozy. i could be totally wrong but we have such a push from the federal reserve it could be a substantial rally. >> judge jeanine: what is scary is that it doesn't feel that way. some americans have lost their home and they are out of work and working two jobs. >> i agree. >> judge jeanine: everybody has been knocked down. >> not everybody. >> judge jeanine: maybe we run in different circles. let's go back to what i teased this segment with and that is that you did a tweet that someone should resign, hillary clinton in particular, for failing to protect our ambassador
the numbers and said unemployment is 7.8 even though this has been over 8, can you make money in this environment? >> yeah, my gosh the stock market is doing fantastically unbelievably well. there has been astounding jim uptick in real estate inding certain parts of the country. amazing real estate rally in some parts of the nation's capital and in south, florida. the real estate market i think is recovering unless something comes along to knock it down. there throw the football is a...
101
101
tv
eye 101
favorite 0
quote 0
i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. i want to make one more point. >> let mihim answer the tax thi for a moment. >> we've had this discussion before. >> about the judged nidea in or reduce the deficit there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> mr. romney has rule out revenue. >> look, the revenue i get is more people working, getting higher pay, paying more taxes. that's how we get growth and balance the budget. the idea of taxing people more, putting more people out of work, you will never get there, you never balance the budget by raising taxes. spain spends 42% of their total economy on government. we're now spending 42% on our economy to government. i don't want to go down the path of spain. i want to put more americans to work. >> mr. president, in order to get the job done, it is going to be balanced? >> if we're serious, we have to take a balanced, responsible approach. by the way, this is not just when it comes to individual taxes, let's talk about corporate taxes. now, i have identified areas where we can
i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. i want to make one more point. >> let mihim answer the tax thi for a moment. >> we've had this discussion before. >> about the judged nidea in or reduce the deficit there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> mr. romney has rule out revenue. >> look, the revenue i get is more people working, getting higher pay, paying more taxes. that's how we get growth and balance the budget. the idea of taxing people more,...
195
195
Oct 9, 2012
10/12
by
FOXNEWSW
tv
eye 195
favorite 0
quote 0
>>neil: it is tough to succeed in that environment when you are of a political tripe. >>guest: they are afraid they will be blacklisted from movies and never get work again. i commend her for coming out and being courageous. it and the tolerance of the intolerant i like to call it. a lot of people are tolerating intolerance. this is a lesson for voters. especially young voters. this is what happens when you come out and you try and endorse someone on the right especially as a william, you are called all the nasty names. it doesn't play well with the republican war on women argument. >>neil: look forward to it. >> this just in, gallup has mitt romney is up, leading the president across the country. four weeks out, making a battle of it in one very super crucial state in this country. customer erin swenson bought from us online today. so, i'm happy. sales go up... i'm happy. it went out today... i'm happy. what if she's not home? (together) she won't be happy. use ups! she can get a text alert, reroute... even reschedule her package. it's ups my choice. are you happy? i'
>>neil: it is tough to succeed in that environment when you are of a political tripe. >>guest: they are afraid they will be blacklisted from movies and never get work again. i commend her for coming out and being courageous. it and the tolerance of the intolerant i like to call it. a lot of people are tolerating intolerance. this is a lesson for voters. especially young voters. this is what happens when you come out and you try and endorse someone on the right especially as a...
154
154
Oct 4, 2012
10/12
by
CURRENT
tv
eye 154
favorite 0
quote 0
i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. let me make one more point -- >> let's let him answer the taxes thing. >> romney: okay. >> mr. president in order to reduce the deficit there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> obama: there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. governor romney has ruled out revenue -- [overlapping speakers] >> romney: the revenue i get is by getting more people working paying more taxes. but the idea of taxing people more putting more people out of work, you will never get there. you will never balance the budget by raising tacks. spain spends 42% of their total economy on government. we're now spending 42% of our economy on government. i want to go down the path of growth that puts americans to work with more money coming in because they are working. >> mr. president you are saying in order to get the job done it has got to be balanced. >> obama: we have to take an balanced responsible approach. and this is not just individual taxes. let's talk about corporate taxes. i have identified areas w
i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. let me make one more point -- >> let's let him answer the taxes thing. >> romney: okay. >> mr. president in order to reduce the deficit there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. >> obama: there has to be revenue in addition to cuts. governor romney has ruled out revenue -- [overlapping speakers] >> romney: the revenue i get is by getting more people working paying more taxes. but the idea of taxing people more...
127
127
Oct 7, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN
tv
eye 127
favorite 0
quote 0
he would have to over collateralize a loan by 150% under the current regulatory environment. i want him to be able to grow his business. it's a classic example of regulation killing jobs. we need to make sure we have the proper amount of legislation but not overregulation. my commercials talk about reducing spending, and powering our work force for training for jobs available and developing a comprehensive energy policy to put our people back to work, energy independence to protect our environment. >> 30 seconds to rebut. >> you have been running some of the most deceitful attack at the state has ever seen. don't try to pretend that has not been what's happening in that race. when your campaign was asked why you don't start talking about the issues, your campaign manager said it would be a senseless exercise. that's right. for linda mcmahon talking at the issues of be a senseless exercise. the only ads she can run are against me and my family. by pathe is different. -- my path is different. that's what in the final four weeks my campaign will be about. >> it's time now with o
he would have to over collateralize a loan by 150% under the current regulatory environment. i want him to be able to grow his business. it's a classic example of regulation killing jobs. we need to make sure we have the proper amount of legislation but not overregulation. my commercials talk about reducing spending, and powering our work force for training for jobs available and developing a comprehensive energy policy to put our people back to work, energy independence to protect our...
205
205
Oct 9, 2012
10/12
by
CNBC
tv
eye 205
favorite 0
quote 0
but the real reason these stocks will be anointed is their genuine high growth names in an environment where because of the slowdown worldwide there are very few real growth stocks out there. sure, many stocks rat 252-week highs. but google and amazon are barn burners. they're so obvious that they're not going to be ignored. every fund that already owns them will be double do you think between now and the end of the year if history is your guide. plus, you got a nice google reversal today, which gives you a chance to do some buying. the charters are going to be calling it the son of apple. they're going to say this reversal today is now the beginning of the big decline, like it was with apple. hey, can we just decide that apple and google are different companies? why don't we start with this amazon. we know that this company is oriented in online retail powerhouse, the widest selection of products, lowest prices, fastest, cheapest delivery. amazon is a beloved company that has cultivated fabulous relationships with its customers, and most important, it's still taking market share all o
but the real reason these stocks will be anointed is their genuine high growth names in an environment where because of the slowdown worldwide there are very few real growth stocks out there. sure, many stocks rat 252-week highs. but google and amazon are barn burners. they're so obvious that they're not going to be ignored. every fund that already owns them will be double do you think between now and the end of the year if history is your guide. plus, you got a nice google reversal today,...
227
227
Oct 4, 2012
10/12
by
MSNBCW
tv
eye 227
favorite 0
quote 0
president with something he's never said before or if he wants to save that stuff for a more controlled environment. that will tell us as much about his temperament and his strategy as it will about his plans. let me bring in lawrence o'donnell, chris. lawrence is in the spin room tonight, which i think has yet to begin to spin. lawrence, what do you think the expectations are on both sides tonight? >> reporter: well, rachel, in this room, there are a lot of $10,000 bets going on behind me about what the president is going to say tonight and what mitt romney is going to say tonight. i think the rules actually favor president obama because there are almost no rules. they are going to do two-minute statements, they're each going to get two minutes at the beginning of the subjects that jim leherer will introduce. and discussing not policing 30-second rebuttals and 60-second statements. none of that red light stuff with the clocks and all of that stuff. and when you're in mitt romney's position, where he's actually trying to hide some things, trying to hide the details of the deduction side of his tax
president with something he's never said before or if he wants to save that stuff for a more controlled environment. that will tell us as much about his temperament and his strategy as it will about his plans. let me bring in lawrence o'donnell, chris. lawrence is in the spin room tonight, which i think has yet to begin to spin. lawrence, what do you think the expectations are on both sides tonight? >> reporter: well, rachel, in this room, there are a lot of $10,000 bets going on behind...
133
133
tv
eye 133
favorite 0
quote 0
. >> i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. one more point*. >> we had this discussion before the. >> in order to reduce the deficit there have to be revenue in addition to cut. >> mitt romney has ruled out revenue. >> absolutely. neil: okay. i think the gist of that was how to get the deficit under control in have to have a mix of spending cuts and tax increases. and what about the president in a mitt romney to some ratio? and that it would not cut it for him. i don't think he scored. i think romney clearly one. he does need to provide more specifics, but i think he was in command. he made a couple of statements that need to be clarified. and he does not want more revenue but he wasn't true growth not taxes. what do you define as more revenue? as compared to current gdp your under current law? we are under much higher levels than before. to thing surprised me. obama's said social security doesn't have a problem. it needs tweeting. it is underfunded $8 trillion and he also said his idea was not that different than governor romn
. >> i don't want to kill jobs in this environment. one more point*. >> we had this discussion before the. >> in order to reduce the deficit there have to be revenue in addition to cut. >> mitt romney has ruled out revenue. >> absolutely. neil: okay. i think the gist of that was how to get the deficit under control in have to have a mix of spending cuts and tax increases. and what about the president in a mitt romney to some ratio? and that it would not cut it for...
97
97
Oct 2, 2012
10/12
by
CSPAN
tv
eye 97
favorite 0
quote 0
you could look at the international trade environment and wonder about that. this is the answer to your question, to me, and i think john and i would agree, a world in which the u.s. is still strong but all of these institutions are eroding is not a world i want to live in. the u.s. really does have an interest in trying its best to shore up these institutions. >> bob is coming my way. this is great. [laughter] just a couple quick points. my thesis is not that these institutions are independent. they are infused with power. they are instruments of power. they are used to signal limits on power. power is never divorced from institutions. in that regard, i argue the u.s. has been so brilliant on the world stage for half a century or longer because it has tied its power to these institutions that has both allowed it to make its power and more durable and expensive but also make it more limited and less based on the indiscriminate arbitrary use of power in the more literal sense. there is an argument about how it can allow for a powerful state to be more influenti
you could look at the international trade environment and wonder about that. this is the answer to your question, to me, and i think john and i would agree, a world in which the u.s. is still strong but all of these institutions are eroding is not a world i want to live in. the u.s. really does have an interest in trying its best to shore up these institutions. >> bob is coming my way. this is great. [laughter] just a couple quick points. my thesis is not that these institutions are...